1 June 01, 2020
Articles
1. Irakli Baramidze, Oleg Jibashvili, Khatuna Diasamidze
Georgia at Paris Peace Conference (1919−1920)
History and Historians in the Context of the Time. 2020. 18(1): 3-11.
Number of views: 346 Download in PDF
2. Madona Kebadze, Tamar LekaidzeHistory and Historians in the Context of the Time. 2020. 18(1): 3-11.
Abstract:
After the First World War in order to regulate the situation and establish a new world order, according to the Allied Powers (the Great Britain, the USA, France and Italy) decision in January 1919 the Peace Conference was held in Paris. The results of WWI assured the formation of new states. Among those new emerged states was Georgia that restored the independence lost at the beginning of XIX century. Although the obtained independence needed maintaining and strengthening. At the same time the recognition of a new state on the international arena was essential. Georgia tried to solve these important issues at the Paris Peace Conference. The Georgian delegation had to face a lot of difficulties at the conference. In fact only “Big Four” (the Great Britain, the USA, France and Italy) was the main decision-maker at the conference. Because of the close relations with Germany, the Allied Powers had some doubts about Georgia and Armenia was the country in the Transcaucasia they regarded more. In general they saw the future of Georgia within the restored Russian State or the Transcaucasian federation with dominant Armenia. Denikin’s obvious and Armenia’s concealed anti-Georgian activities worsened the situation. At the beginning of 1920 the White Movement was defeated in the struggle against the Bolsheviks. Now Bolshevik Russia threatened the independence of Georgia. Although, by that time the European Great Powers recognized the independence of Georgia, but nobody wished to oppose Russia. So they rejected Georgia’s request to enter the League of Nations. Such policy toward the new state finally helped Russia to occupy Georgia.
After the First World War in order to regulate the situation and establish a new world order, according to the Allied Powers (the Great Britain, the USA, France and Italy) decision in January 1919 the Peace Conference was held in Paris. The results of WWI assured the formation of new states. Among those new emerged states was Georgia that restored the independence lost at the beginning of XIX century. Although the obtained independence needed maintaining and strengthening. At the same time the recognition of a new state on the international arena was essential. Georgia tried to solve these important issues at the Paris Peace Conference. The Georgian delegation had to face a lot of difficulties at the conference. In fact only “Big Four” (the Great Britain, the USA, France and Italy) was the main decision-maker at the conference. Because of the close relations with Germany, the Allied Powers had some doubts about Georgia and Armenia was the country in the Transcaucasia they regarded more. In general they saw the future of Georgia within the restored Russian State or the Transcaucasian federation with dominant Armenia. Denikin’s obvious and Armenia’s concealed anti-Georgian activities worsened the situation. At the beginning of 1920 the White Movement was defeated in the struggle against the Bolsheviks. Now Bolshevik Russia threatened the independence of Georgia. Although, by that time the European Great Powers recognized the independence of Georgia, but nobody wished to oppose Russia. So they rejected Georgia’s request to enter the League of Nations. Such policy toward the new state finally helped Russia to occupy Georgia.
Number of views: 346 Download in PDF
The Role of the Tushi People in the Socio-Political Relations of Georgia (XVI−XIX centuries)
History and Historians in the Context of the Time. 2020. 18(1): 12-16.
Number of views: 360 Download in PDF
3. Nicholas W. MitiukovHistory and Historians in the Context of the Time. 2020. 18(1): 12-16.
Abstract:
The paper presents one of the parts of Georgia, Kakheti and its mountainous region. Kakheti is located in the Eastern Georgia. It is bordered on the West by Kartli, on the North by the Russian Federation (Dagestan), from which it is separated by the Caucasus Mountains, and on the South by Azerbaijan. Kakheti region includes the inner and lower reaches of the river Iori and the Alazani river basin. Some parts of Kakheti are called Garekakheti (middle of the river Iori), Kiziki (between the lower reaches of the river Iori and Alazani), Shida Kakheti (right bank of the river Alazani) and Gaghmakhari (left bank of the river Alazani). The Caucasus of Kakheti, which runs steeply on the Alazani plain, is amazingly beautiful. Kakheti is connected to Tusheti by the pass of the bath on the Caucasus ridge. Therefore, Kakheti is bordered by Mtianeti-Pshavi, Khevsureti and Tusheti to the North. Our research topic concerns the attitude of the kings of united Georgia or Kartli-Kakheti towards the Kakheti mountains. Specifically, the role of Tusheti in the XVI-XVII centuries.
The paper presents one of the parts of Georgia, Kakheti and its mountainous region. Kakheti is located in the Eastern Georgia. It is bordered on the West by Kartli, on the North by the Russian Federation (Dagestan), from which it is separated by the Caucasus Mountains, and on the South by Azerbaijan. Kakheti region includes the inner and lower reaches of the river Iori and the Alazani river basin. Some parts of Kakheti are called Garekakheti (middle of the river Iori), Kiziki (between the lower reaches of the river Iori and Alazani), Shida Kakheti (right bank of the river Alazani) and Gaghmakhari (left bank of the river Alazani). The Caucasus of Kakheti, which runs steeply on the Alazani plain, is amazingly beautiful. Kakheti is connected to Tusheti by the pass of the bath on the Caucasus ridge. Therefore, Kakheti is bordered by Mtianeti-Pshavi, Khevsureti and Tusheti to the North. Our research topic concerns the attitude of the kings of united Georgia or Kartli-Kakheti towards the Kakheti mountains. Specifically, the role of Tusheti in the XVI-XVII centuries.
Number of views: 360 Download in PDF
Votkinsk Boats on Khoper in the Operational Reports of the Stalingrad Administration of Small Rivers on 1947−1955
History and Historians in the Context of the Time. 2020. 18(1): 17-23.
Number of views: 66 Download in PDF
4. History and Historians in the Context of the Time. 2020. 18(1): 17-23.
Abstract:
Vessels of the administrations of small rivers remain among the most unknown in the history of national river transport. And since the archival funds of local administrations are presented, as a rule, in the regional archives in an extremely limited form, operational reports in the fund of the Main Directorate of Small Rivers acquire special value as a historical source. The analysis of the operational reports of the Stalingrad Administration of Small Rivers showed that the information in them is quite consistent with the record keeping documentation of the Votkinsk plant regarding the construction of two boats during the war years. The boat for the rescue station (1943) became the tug “Vozrozhdenie Stalingrada”, and the passenger boat “Pobeda” (1946) became a non-self-propelled pontoon No. 6. In 1948, both ships were rebuilt into motor ships “Moskva” and “Leningrad”, which were actively used until 1955 in passenger traffic on Khoper. This unambiguously refutes the information about the participation of “Moskva” and “Leningrad” in the war. Despite the available information that the “Pobedny” boat was built in Votkinsk, operational reports directly indicate that it was purchased at the Yaroslavl shipbuilding plant. The vessel belonged to the Ya-7 type, the mass production of which was established there immediately after the war.
Vessels of the administrations of small rivers remain among the most unknown in the history of national river transport. And since the archival funds of local administrations are presented, as a rule, in the regional archives in an extremely limited form, operational reports in the fund of the Main Directorate of Small Rivers acquire special value as a historical source. The analysis of the operational reports of the Stalingrad Administration of Small Rivers showed that the information in them is quite consistent with the record keeping documentation of the Votkinsk plant regarding the construction of two boats during the war years. The boat for the rescue station (1943) became the tug “Vozrozhdenie Stalingrada”, and the passenger boat “Pobeda” (1946) became a non-self-propelled pontoon No. 6. In 1948, both ships were rebuilt into motor ships “Moskva” and “Leningrad”, which were actively used until 1955 in passenger traffic on Khoper. This unambiguously refutes the information about the participation of “Moskva” and “Leningrad” in the war. Despite the available information that the “Pobedny” boat was built in Votkinsk, operational reports directly indicate that it was purchased at the Yaroslavl shipbuilding plant. The vessel belonged to the Ya-7 type, the mass production of which was established there immediately after the war.
Number of views: 66 Download in PDF